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\version "2.24.0"

\header {
  categories = "Contexts and engravers, Scheme"

  texidoc = "
This example demonstrates how the ambitus engraver may be defined on
the user side, with a Scheme engraver. This is basically a rewrite in
Scheme of the code from @code{lily/ambitus-engraver.cc}.
"

  doctitle = "Defining an engraver in Scheme: ambitus engraver"
} % begin verbatim


#(use-modules (oop goops))

%%%
%%% Grob utilities
%%%
%%% These are literal rewrites of some C++ methods used by the ambitus
%%% engraver.

#(define (ly:separation-item::add-conditional-item grob grob-item)
   "Add GROB-ITEM to the array of conditional elements of GROB.

This is a rewrite of function `Separation_item::add_conditional_item` from
file `lily/separation-item.cc`."
   (ly:pointer-group-interface::add-grob
    grob 'conditional-elements grob-item))

#(define (ly:accidental-placement::accidental-pitch accidental-grob)
   "Get the pitch from the grob cause of ACCIDENTAL-GROB.

This is a rewrite of function `accidental_pitch` from file
`lily/accidental-placement.cc`."
   (ly:event-property (ly:grob-property
                       (ly:grob-parent accidental-grob Y) 'cause)
                      'pitch))

#(define (ly:accidental-placement::add-accidental grob accidental-grob)
   "Add ACCIDENTAL-GROB to the list of accidentals grobs of GROB.
ACCIDENTAL-GROB is an `Accidental` grob; GROB is an `AccidentalPlacement`
grob.

This is a rewrite of function `Accidental_placement::add_accidental` from
file `lily/accidental-placement.cc`."
   (let ((pitch (ly:accidental-placement::accidental-pitch
                 accidental-grob)))
     (set! (ly:grob-parent accidental-grob X) grob)
     (let* ((accidentals (ly:grob-object grob 'accidental-grobs))
            (handle (assq (ly:pitch-notename pitch) accidentals))
            (entry (if handle (cdr handle) '())))
       (set! (ly:grob-object grob 'accidental-grobs)
             (assq-set! accidentals
                        (ly:pitch-notename pitch)
                        (cons accidental-grob entry))))))

%%%
%%% Ambitus data structures.
%%%

%%% The <ambitus> class holds the various grobs that are created to
%%% print an ambitus:
%%%
%%% - `ambitus-group`: the grob that groups all the components of an
%%%   ambitus (`Ambitus` grob);
%%% - `ambitus-line`: the vertical line between the upper and lower
%%%   ambitus notes (`AmbitusLine` grob);
%%% - `ambitus-up-note` and `ambitus-down-note`: the note head and
%%%   accidental for the lower and upper note of the ambitus (see
%%%   `<ambitus-note>` class below).
%%%
%%% The other slots define the key and clef context of the engraver:
%%%
%%% - `start-c0`: position of middle c at the beginning of the piece.
%%%   It is used to place the ambitus notes according to their pitch;
%%% - `start-key-sig`: the key signature at the beginning of the
%%%   piece.  It is used to determine whether accidentals shall be
%%%   printed next to ambitus notes.

#(define-class <ambitus> ()
   (ambitus-group #:accessor ambitus-group)
   (ambitus-line #:accessor ambitus-line)
   (ambitus-up-note #:getter ambitus-up-note
                    #:init-form (make <ambitus-note>))
   (ambitus-down-note #:getter ambitus-down-note
                      #:init-form (make <ambitus-note>))
   (start-c0 #:accessor ambitus-start-c0
             #:init-value #f)
   (start-key-sig #:accessor ambitus-start-key-sig
                  #:init-value '()))

%%% Accessor for the lower and upper note data of an ambitus.
#(define-method (ambitus-note (ambitus <ambitus>) direction)
   "Return lower or upper note of AMBITUS depending on DIRECTION."
   (if (= direction UP)
       (ambitus-up-note ambitus)
       (ambitus-down-note ambitus)))

%%% The `<ambitus-note>` class holds the grobs that are specific to
%%% ambitus (lower and upper) notes:
%%%
%%% - `head`: an `AmbitusNoteHead` grob;
%%% - `accidental`: an `AmbitusAccidental` grob, to be possibly
%%%   printed next to the ambitus note head.
%%%
%%% Moreover,
%%%
%%% - `pitch` is the absolute pitch of the note;
%%% - `cause` is the note event that causes this ambitus note, i.e.,
%%%   the lower or upper note of the considered music sequence.

#(define-class <ambitus-note> ()
   (head #:accessor ambitus-note-head
         #:init-value #f)
   (accidental #:accessor ambitus-note-accidental
               #:init-value #f)
   (cause #:accessor ambitus-note-cause
          #:init-value #f)
   (pitch #:accessor ambitus-note-pitch
          #:init-value #f))

%%%
%%% Ambitus engraving logic.
%%%
%%% This is rewrite of the code from file `lily/ambitus-engraver.cc`.

#(define (make-ambitus translator)
   "Build an ambitus object: initialize all the grobs and their
relations.

The `Ambitus` grob contains all other grobs:

 Ambitus
  |- AmbitusLine
  |- AmbitusNoteHead    for upper note
  |- AmbitusAccidental  for upper note
  |- AmbitusNoteHead    for lower note
  |- AmbitusAccidental  for lower note

The parent of an accidental is the corresponding note head, and the
accidental is set as the `accidental-grob` property of the note head
so that is printed by the function that prints notes."
   ;; Make the ambitus object.
   (let ((ambitus (make <ambitus>)))
     ;; Build the `Ambitus` grob, which will contain all other grobs.
     (set! (ambitus-group ambitus)
           (ly:engraver-make-grob translator 'Ambitus '()))
     ;; Build the `AmbitusLine` grob (the line between lower and upper
     ;; note).
     (set! (ambitus-line ambitus)
           (ly:engraver-make-grob translator 'AmbitusLine '()))
     ;; Build the upper and lower `AmbitusNoteHead` and
     ;; `AmbitusAccidental`.
     (for-each
      (lambda (direction)
        (let ((head (ly:engraver-make-grob translator
                                           'AmbitusNoteHead '()))
              (accidental (ly:engraver-make-grob translator
                                                 'AmbitusAccidental '()))
              (group (ambitus-group ambitus)))
          ;; The parent of the `AmbitusAccidental` grob is the
          ;; `AmbitusNoteHead` grob.
          (set! (ly:grob-parent accidental Y) head)
          ;; The `AmbitusAccidental` grob is set as the
          ;; `accidental-grob` object of `AmbitusNoteHead`.  This is
          ;; later used by the function that prints notes.
          (set! (ly:grob-object head 'accidental-grob) accidental)
          ;; Both the note head and the accidental grobs are added to
          ;; the main ambitus grob.
          (ly:axis-group-interface::add-element group head)
          (ly:axis-group-interface::add-element group accidental)
          ;; The note head and the accidental grobs are added to the
          ;; ambitus object.
          (set! (ambitus-note-head (ambitus-note ambitus direction))
                head)
          (set! (ambitus-note-accidental (ambitus-note ambitus direction))
                accidental)))
      (list DOWN UP))

     ;; The parent of the ambitus line is the lower ambitus note head.
     (set! (ly:grob-parent (ambitus-line ambitus) X)
           (ambitus-note-head (ambitus-note ambitus DOWN)))
     ;; The ambitus line is added to the ambitus main grob.
     (ly:axis-group-interface::add-element (ambitus-group ambitus)
                                           (ambitus-line ambitus))
     ambitus))

#(define-method (initialize-ambitus-state
                 (ambitus <ambitus>) translator)
   "Initialize the state of AMBITUS by getting the starting position of
middle C and key signature from TRANSLATOR's context."
   (if (not (ambitus-start-c0 ambitus))
       (begin
         (set! (ambitus-start-c0 ambitus)
               (ly:context-property (ly:translator-context translator)
                                    'middleCPosition 0))
         (set! (ambitus-start-key-sig ambitus)
               (ly:context-property (ly:translator-context translator)
                                    'keyAlterations)))))

#(define-method (update-ambitus-notes (ambitus <ambitus>) note-grob)
   "Update upper and lower ambitus pitches of AMBITUS using NOTE-GROB."
   ;; Get the event that caused the `note-grob` creation and check
   ;; that it is a `note-event`.
   (let ((note-event (ly:grob-property note-grob 'cause)))
     (if (ly:in-event-class? note-event 'note-event)
         ;; Get the pitch from the note event.
         (let ((pitch (ly:event-property note-event 'pitch)))
           ;; If this pitch is lower than the current ambitus' lower
           ;; note pitch (or it has not been initialized yet), then
           ;; this pitch is the new ambitus' lower pitch.  The same is
           ;; done for the upper pitch (but in the opposite
           ;; direction).
           (for-each
            (lambda (direction pitch-compare)
              (if (or (not (ambitus-note-pitch
                            (ambitus-note ambitus direction)))
                      (pitch-compare
                       pitch (ambitus-note-pitch
                              (ambitus-note ambitus direction))))
                  (begin
                    (set! (ambitus-note-pitch
                           (ambitus-note ambitus direction))
                          pitch)
                    (set! (ambitus-note-cause
                           (ambitus-note ambitus direction))
                          note-event))))
            (list DOWN UP)
            (list ly:pitch<?
                  (lambda (p1 p2) (ly:pitch<? p2 p1))))))))

#(define-method (typeset-ambitus (ambitus <ambitus>) translator)
   "Typeset AMBITUS.

- Place the lower and upper ambitus notes according to their pitch and
  the position of the middle C.
- Typeset or delete the note accidentals, according to the key
  signature.  An accidental, if it is to be printed, is added to an
  `AccidentalPlacement` grob (a grob dedicated to the placement of
  accidentals near a chord).
- Both note heads are added to the ambitus line grob so that a line
  gets printed between them."
   ;; Check whether there are lower and upper pitches.
   (if (and (ambitus-note-pitch (ambitus-note ambitus UP))
            (ambitus-note-pitch (ambitus-note ambitus DOWN)))
       ;; Make an `AccidentalPlacement` grob, for placement of note
       ;; accidentals.
       (let ((accidental-placement
              (ly:engraver-make-grob
               translator
               'AccidentalPlacement (ambitus-note-accidental
                                     (ambitus-note ambitus DOWN)))))
         ;; For lower and upper ambitus notes.
         (for-each
          (lambda (direction)
            (let ((pitch (ambitus-note-pitch
                          (ambitus-note ambitus direction))))
              ;; Set the cause and the staff position of the ambitus
              ;; note according to the associated pitch.
              (set! (ly:grob-property
                     (ambitus-note-head (ambitus-note ambitus direction))
                     'cause)
                    (ambitus-note-cause (ambitus-note ambitus direction)))
              (set! (ly:grob-property
                     (ambitus-note-head (ambitus-note ambitus direction))
                     'staff-position)
                    (+ (ambitus-start-c0 ambitus)
                       (ly:pitch-steps pitch)))
              ;; Determine whether an accidental shall be printed for
              ;; this note, according to the key signature.
              (let* ((handle
                      (or (assoc (cons (ly:pitch-octave pitch)
                                       (ly:pitch-notename pitch))
                                 (ambitus-start-key-sig ambitus))
                          (assoc (ly:pitch-notename pitch)
                                 (ambitus-start-key-sig ambitus))))
                     (sig-alter (if handle (cdr handle) 0)))
                (cond
                 ((= (ly:pitch-alteration pitch) sig-alter)
                  ;; The note alteration is in the key signature
                  ;; => it does not have to be printed.
                  (ly:grob-suicide! (ambitus-note-accidental
                                     (ambitus-note ambitus direction)))
                  (set! (ly:grob-object (ambitus-note-head
                                         (ambitus-note ambitus direction))
                                        'accidental-grob)
                        '()))
                 (else
                  ;; Otherwise the accidental shall be printed.
                  (set! (ly:grob-property
                         (ambitus-note-accidental
                          (ambitus-note ambitus direction)) 'alteration)
                        (ly:pitch-alteration pitch)))))
              ;; Add the `AccidentalPlacement` grob to the conditional
              ;; items of the `AmbitusNoteHead`.
              (ly:separation-item::add-conditional-item
               (ambitus-note-head (ambitus-note ambitus direction))
               accidental-placement)
              ;; Add the `AmbitusAccidental` to the list of the
              ;; `AccidentalPlacement` grob accidentals.
              (ly:accidental-placement::add-accidental
               accidental-placement
               (ambitus-note-accidental (ambitus-note ambitus direction)))
              ;; Add the `AmbitusNoteHead` grob to the `AmbitusLine` grob.
              (ly:pointer-group-interface::add-grob
               (ambitus-line ambitus)
               'note-heads
                (ambitus-note-head (ambitus-note ambitus direction)))))
          (list DOWN UP))
         ;; Add the `AccidentalPlacement` grob to the main `Ambitus` grob.
         (ly:axis-group-interface::add-element
          (ambitus-group ambitus) accidental-placement))
       ;; No lower and upper pitches => nothing to print.
       (begin
         (for-each
          (lambda (direction)
            (ly:grob-suicide! (ambitus-note-accidental
                               (ambitus-note ambitus direction)))
            (ly:grob-suicide! (ambitus-note-head
                               (ambitus-note ambitus direction))))
          (list DOWN UP))
         (ly:grob-suicide! ambitus-line))))

%%%
%%% Ambitus engraver definition.
%%%
#(define ambitus-engraver
   (lambda (context)
     (let ((ambitus #f))
       ;; When music is processed, make the ambitus object if not
       ;; already built.
       (make-engraver
        ((process-music translator)
         (if (not ambitus)
             (set! ambitus (make-ambitus translator))))

        ;; Set the ambitus clef and key signature state.
        ((stop-translation-timestep translator)
         (if ambitus
             (initialize-ambitus-state ambitus translator)))

        ;; When a note head grob is built, update the ambitus notes.
        (acknowledgers
         ((note-head-interface engraver grob source-engraver)
          (if ambitus
              (update-ambitus-notes ambitus grob))))

        ;; Finally, typeset the ambitus according to its upper and
        ;; lower notes (if any).
        ((finalize translator)
         (if ambitus
             (typeset-ambitus ambitus translator)))))))

%%%
%%% Example
%%%

\score {
  \new StaffGroup <<
    \new Staff { c'4 des' e' fis' gis' }
    \new Staff { \clef "bass" c4 des ~ des ees b, }
  >>
  \layout { \context { \Staff \consists #ambitus-engraver } }
}
